The Journey of Elections in Indonesia: From Early Independence to the Modern Era

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 The Journey of Elections in Indonesia: From Early Independence to the Modern Era


    Elections, as an integral part of democracy in Indonesia, have undergone a challenging and transformative journey from the early days of independence to the modern era. This paper aims to explore the history of elections in Indonesia, including significant changes and the long path it has taken.

Early Independence and First Elections (1955):

    After the proclamation of independence in 1945, Indonesia held its first elections in 1955. This election, known as the Constituent Assembly Election, saw Indonesians voting for members of the Constituent Assembly tasked with formulating the Constitution of the United States of Indonesia (RIS).

Old Order Era (1959-1965):

    In 1959, the RIS constitution was changed to the 1945 Constitution, and general elections were held periodically. However, during this period, political crises and upheavals led to the suspension of elections and the seizure of power by the New Order regime.

New Order Era (1966-1998):

    During the New Order era under President Suharto's rule, elections in Indonesia were characterized by single-party elections. Golkar became the dominant party, and elections were seen more as a "Single Party Election" due to the lack of healthy political competition.

Transition to Democracy (1998-1999):

    Amid the post-1998 economic and political crisis, Indonesia underwent significant changes in its political system. The 1999 elections marked a turning point, with the formation of various political parties competing in a more inclusive environment.

Modern Era:

    Since 1999, Indonesia has regularly held Presidential and Legislative elections every five years. Various political parties compete in campaigns and elections, reflecting the increasingly diverse political landscape in Indonesia.

    Elections in Indonesia have also undergone technological transformation. From conventional ballot-box elections to electronic voting (e-voting) in specific experiments, technology contributes to running more efficient and accurate elections.

    Elections in Indonesia also face challenges such as expanding voter participation, preventing fraud, and handling disputes and lawsuits. Reforms continue to ensure that elections are conducted fairly, transparently, and with integrity.

    The journey of elections in Indonesia reflects the development of society and a more mature political system. From the early days of independence to the modern era, elections have become a stage for the expression of democracy in Indonesia. The spirit to ensure a process that is free, fair, and transparent remains a crucial milestone in building a strong and inclusive foundation for democracy in Indonesia.

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